Throughout the chapters, the author provides invaluable “Practical Commentary” in which he shares personal observations from over 50 years of litigating, consulting, teaching, and writing about the law of Section 1983, as well as advice through each step of litigation, including in: Carefully organized to follow the progression of Section 1983 litigation, the comprehensive and incisive discussions provide practitioners with the guidance they need to successfully deal with all aspects of litigation. Schwartz, one of the nation’s leading experts on Section 1983 litigation, examines the essential aspects of Section 1983 law in Schwartz on Section 1983. Code is a fundamental part of American law. As the remedial machinery for enforcing individual federal constitutional rights against municipalities, state and local officials, and other defendants who acted under color of state law, Section 1983 of Title 42 of the U.S.